Mount Tambora, or Tomboro, is an active stratovolcano in the northern part of Sumbawa, one of the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia. Tambora is known for its major eruption in 1815. It was formed due to the active subduction zones beneath it, and before the eruption of 1815, it was more than 4,300 metres (14,100 feet) high, making it then one of the tallest peaks in the Indonesian archipelago.

Tambora, Isolated on the island of Sumbawa, and culminating at 2850m. It is this volcano that holds the sad record of the world’s deadliest eruption. From an altitude of 4300m, the gigantic eruption of 1815 would have reduced it to 2850m and formed a caldera of about 6 km in diameter and 1,110 m deep!

8 Things to Know Before Climbing Tambora

How to go to Tambora?

Mount Tambora can be climbed through three climbing points, all of which are in the Dompu district. The first track was in Pancasila Hamlet, Tambora Village, the second track was in Doropeti village and the third track was in the Doro Ncanga savanna, Sorotatanga Village. Of the three hiking trails, two lanes are the usual hiking trail for mountain climbers while the other is the vehicle’s hiking trail.

How to go to Pancasila Village?

From Dompu
  • From Dompu Bus Station, you can take the Dompu – Calabai bus, stop at Kadindi
  • From Kadindi you can use ojek (motorcycle taxi) to go to Pancasila Village
From Denpasar
  • From Denpasar you can use a plane with the Denpasar – Bima route
  • From Bima Airport, you can take a bus to Dompu.
  • Continue by taking the Dompu – Calabai bus, stop at Kadindi
  • From Kadindi you can use ojek (motorcycle taxi) to go to Pancasila Village
From Port of Sape (from Labuan Bajo direction)
  • You can use the bus to go to Sumbawa Besar, stop at Dompu
  • From Dompu take a bus with the Dompu – Calabai route, stop at Kadindi
  • From Kadindi you can use ojek (motorcycle taxi) to go to Pancasila Village

How to go to Doro Ncanga

You can take the bus to Dompu, then proceed to the Manggalewa Sub-District precisely in the Cabang Banggo. From here you still have to wait for the bus that will go to Doro Ncanga.

How to go to Doropeti?

For main transportation to Doropeti you can use the bus from Dompu Bus Station. From there there is a bus that serves the Dompu – Doropeti route.

Note: Keep in mind that buses are the main mode of transportation in this area. Therefore you can be on the bus together with livestock. It’s also possible that you have to sit on the roof of the bus. The bus departure schedule can be canceled at any time if there is damage or other things. If you decide to use public transportation, you should arrive at Dompu bus station in the morning. If you don’t want to bother, it is recommended to use a private vehicle or use the services of a Tour Operator.

When to go to Tambora?

The best time to visit Mount Tambora is in the dry season, between April and October. On April 10, usually Mount Tambora will be very crowded with climbers, they will come in commemoration of the eruption of Tambora.

How much the entrance fee cost?

  • For foreign tourist : IDR 150.000/person
  • For local tourist : IDR 5.000/person

Where to sleep?

It would be very difficult to find lodging in this area. You might find some basic homestays or you can also take a break at the Mount Tambora Climbing Post.

Climbing Tambora, with or without guide?

For those of you who are first time it is advisable to use a guide service because some tracks in Tambora can mislead you.

Where to find guide and porters?

You can ask at Climbing Post when you need a guide and porter service

Where can I get climbing equipment?

It is strongly recommended to bring your personal climbing equipment, because in this area no one rents climbing equipment.

What can be done around Mount Tambora?

  • Visit Satonda and Moyo Island
  • Climbing Sangeang Api Volcano

Climbing Tambora with Go-Volcano

Climbing Description:

  • Caldera is almost 6 km in diameter with a depth of 1,110 m
  • Be outside the tourism route, because it is located in a remote area
  • Beautiful view of eastern Indonesia

Hiking and Climbing Tambora 5 days 4 nights

Detailed Program and Itinerary

1st Day : Bima – Pancasila Village

Upon arrival in Bima, you will be picked up at the airport and escorted to the village of Pancasila. Lunch will be provided on the way to the village. You will eat and spend the night at the guesthouse in the village of Pancasila.

2nd Day : Pancasila Village – Post 5

You will start climbing as soon as you have finished breakfast. Pass the lane with rainforest vegetation to reach post 3 where you will stop for lunch. Then you will continue the climb to Post 5, where you will spend the night in the tent.

3rd Day : Post 5 – Summit of Tambora – Pancasila Village

Wake up at 3 o’clock in the morning, to start the climb towards Tambora Peak (after a few hot drinks to warm you up). Breakfast will be served at the top while enjoying the sunrise and views of the crater. After that you will go back down to Pancasila Village to spend the night at the guesthouse

4th Day : Pancasila Village – Bima

After breakfast, leave for Bima. Lunch will be served in Bima, then check-in at the hotel and free time to explore the city. In the evening we could go to Danatraha Hill to enjoy the sunset before dinner.

5th Day : Bima

Transfer to the airport.

End of the program!

Price

Facility

Mount Tambora

Mount Tambora is located on Sumbawa island which is part of the Nusa Tenggara archipelago. This mountain is part of the Sunda arc, a rope from volcanic islands that make up the chain south of the Indonesian archipelago. Tambora forms its own peninsula on the island of Sumbawa called the Sanggar peninsula. On the north side of the peninsula, there is the Flores sea, and on the south there is the Saleh bay with a length of 86 km and a width of 36 km. At Saleh bay mouth, there is a small island called Mojo.

In addition to seismologists and volcanologists who observe the activity of the mountain, Mount Tambora is an area for scientific research in archeology and biology. The mountain also attracts tourists to climb mountains and wildlife activities. Dompu and Bima are the cities closest to this mountain. On the slopes of Mount Tambora, there are several villages. To the east is Sanggar village. To the northwest, there are the villages of Doro Peti and the village of Pesanggrahan. To the west, there is the village of Calabai.

Tambora stretches 340 km to the north of the Java trough system and 180-190 km above the subduction zone. This mountain is located both on the north and south side of the oceanic crust. This mountain has a convergence rate of 7.8 cm per year. Tambora is estimated to have been on the earth since 57,000 BP (standard radiocarbon dating). When this mountain rises due to the geological process below, a large magma kitchen is formed and empties the contents of the magma. Mojo Island was also formed as part of this geological process where Saleh bay was originally an oceanic basin (around 25,000 BP).

According to geological investigations, a high volcanic cone was formed before the eruption in 1815 with the same characteristics as the stratovolcano shape. The diameter of the hole reaches 60 km. The main hole often emits lava which flows down regularly with heavy down the steep slopes.

Since the eruption in 1815, at the very bottom there are deposits of lava and pyroclastic material. Approximately 40% of the layers are represented by 1-4 m thin lava flow. Thin Scoria is produced by fragmentation of lava flows. At the top, lava is closed by scoria, tuff and pyroclastic rocks that flow downward. [13] At Mount Tambora, there are 20 craters. Some craters have names, for example Tahe (877 m), Molo (602 m), Kadiendinae, Kubah (1648 m) and Doro Api Toi. The crater also produces basal lava flows.

Tambora and its Eruption

Tambora eruption, 1815

The Tambora eruption in 1815 reportedly emitted 30-33 km3 of DRE volcanic products (solid or non-vesiculated rock equivalent), which until now was considered the strongest eruption of the last three millennia before being derived from the discovery of the Samalas (Rinjani) 1257 eruption around 40 ± 3 km3 DRE (equivalent to solid rock or non-vesiculated magma) from volcanic products.

Before the 1815 eruption, Tambora was at an altitude of 4300m. The eruption of 1815 brought it to 2850m and formed a caldera with a diameter of about 6 km and a depth of 1,110 m! About 100km3 of material was ejected (for comparison, Krakatau took out 18km3 of material during the eruption of 1883). -Attention: do not disrupt the emission of volcanic products (Lava, ash …) that originate from the depths of the earth and especially from the magma chamber and ejected material which in addition to volcanic products including all the rocks removed by volcanic explosions, know the missing Tambora peak. –

The Tambora eruption has cooled the planet which has had a devastating effect on North America, Europe and China which has exacerbated the crisis, hunger and war.

Chronology

Mount Tambora experienced inactivity for several centuries before 1815, known as the “sleeping” volcano, which is the result of cooling the hydrous magma in a closed magma kitchen. Excessive pressure in the magma chamber around 4,000 to 5,000 bars (58,000 to 73,000 psi) is produced because temperatures range from 700 to 850 ° C.

In 1812, the Tambora mountain caldera began to rumble and produce black clouds. On April 5, 1815, an eruption occurred, followed by thunder sounds heard in Makassar, Sulawesi (380 km from Mount Tambora), Batavia (now Jakarta) on the island of Java (1,260 km from Mount Tambora), and Ternate in Maluku (1400 km from mount Tambora). This thunderous sound was heard up to the island of Sumatra on April 10-11, 1815 (more than 2,600 km from Mount Tambora) which was originally considered a gunshot sound. On the morning of April 6, 1815, volcanic ash began to fall in East Java with the sound of thunder being heard until April 10, 1815.

At 7:00 a.m. on April 10, the eruption was getting stronger. Three lines of fire emitted and joined. The entire mountain turned into a large stream of fire. Floating rock with a diameter of 20 cm begins to rain at 8:00 a.m., followed by ash from 9:00 to 10:00 p.m. Hot pyroclastic flows flow down into the sea on all sides of the peninsula, annihilating Tambora village. A big explosion was heard until the afternoon of April 11. Ash spread to West Java and South Sulawesi. The smell of “nitrate” smelled in Batavia and large rains accompanied by falling tephrite ash, finally subsided between 11 and 17 April 1815.

The eruption entered on a scale of seven on the scale of the Volcanic Explosivity Index. This eruption is four times stronger than the eruption of Mount Krakatoa in 1883. An estimated 100 kmrok of pyroclastic trakiandesite was released, with an estimated mass of 1.4 × 1014 kg. The density of ash falling in Makassar is 636 kg / m². Before the eruption, Mount Tambora had a height of approximately 4,300 m, one of the highest peaks in Indonesia. After the eruption, the height of the mountain was only as high as 2,851 m.

The Tambora eruption in 1815 was the biggest eruption in history. The eruption was heard as far as 2,600 km, and ash fell at least as far as 1,300 km. Darkness is seen as far as 600 km from the top of the mountain for more than two days. Pyroclastic flows spread at least 20 km from the peak


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